A Second Sumter: The Struggle for Pensacola

By Eric Niderost

The election of Abraham Lincoln as president in November 1860 caused a national crisis of unprecedented scope. For years, Southern firebrands had defended slavery and exalted the principle of states’ rights. Read more

Panic-stricken Union troops stumble down the steep eastern slope of Ball’s Bluff and plunge into the surging Potomac River at the climax of the battle. There were too few boats to evacuate the wounded—much less the fleeing.

Long Shadows at Ball’s Bluff

By Cowan Brew

For all his great political skills, Abraham Lincoln was a man who made few close personal friends. He was both too private and too ambitious to court a large number of intimate acquaintances. Read more

Any Bonds Today?

By Herb Kugel

One of the most unusual baseball games ever played was a three- way game in New York City between the New York Yankees, the New York Giants, and the Brooklyn Dodgers. Read more

Medal of Honor recipient Major Bruce Crandall climbs skyward in his UH-1D helicopter after dropping off air cavalrymen at Landing Zone X-ray in the Ia Drang Valley in 1965.

Valor in the Valley of Death

By Kevin Seabrooke

For about half an hour artillery and rockets fired from UH-1B helicopters from the Aerial Rocket Artillery battalion had pounded an area in Vietnam’s Central Highlands between Chu Pong, the 1,000-foot massif straddling the border with Cambodia, and the Ia Drang River. Read more

In this bleak painting by American combat artist Mitchell Jamieson, members of a Naval Armed Guard contingent load and fire the forward deck gun aboard a merchant ship in pitching seas. (Naval Historical Center)

Hazardous Duty with the Naval Armed Guard

By Russell Corder

They have been called “the other Navy,” the “Navy’s stepchildren,” and perhaps most fittingly, “the forgotten Navy.” Officially, however, they were the Naval Armed Guard or more simply the Armed Guard (AG). Read more

The Final Push to the Rhine River

By David H. Lippman

On February 19, 1945, nine British and Canadian divisions stood on the brink of victory after fighting their way through rain, mud, cold, and determined Germans to break through the Reichswald Forest between the Rhine and Maas Rivers—opening the way for the British assault into Germany’s heartland. Read more

Exiting toward freedom, former Allied prisoners of war carry their belongings to waiting transportation as Japanese guards bow humbly. Thousands of Allied POWs were freed at the end of the war, but others met terrible fates aboard hell ships or were executed by their captors.

Prisoner of War

By Robert F. Dorr

He enlisted in 1934. Except for those at Pearl Harbor, he was the first American casualty of the war. Read more