Norway’s King Harald Hardradi, known as ‘the Land Waster,’ came close to conquering England before William the Conqueror in 1066.   More »

The Scots relied on a crushing charge during The Battle of the Standard that pit them against the English.   More »

By William E. Welsh
An assault on an Alan woman by an Almogavar of the Catalan Company exploded into a skirmish between the two groups of allies in the pay of the Byzantine Empire on April 9, 1303. The incident occurred at   Cyzicus on the southern shores of the Sea of   More »

King Henry III rallies loyalists in 1265 in the attempt to wrest power from the English barons and Simon de Montfort.   More »

By Victor Kamenir
The logs and boulders came tumbling downhill, gaining speed before theyreachedthe bottom of the hillsides in the mountain pass. They knocked down horses and men and even sent some of them tumbling into the lake. Swiss foot soldiers armed with halberds, swords, and flails charged downhill into the   More »

In 1571, Don Juan set out to confront the Muslim fleet Lepanto. But what kind of soldiers did he battle with?
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The armies that gathered on June 18, 1053 for the Battle of Civitate, or Civitella del Fortore, were not so disparate as the numbers might indicate.   More »

The Battles of Courtrai, Bannockburn, Laupen and Sempach proved that Polearms in the hands of infantry could hold their own against cavalry.   More »

With the flower of Scots chivalry dug in atop Flodden Hill, English Lord Howard proposed to outflank the enemy in broad daylight—with his entire army.   More »

By Pat McTaggart
Colonel General Walter Model was a rising star in the German Army in early 1943. The son of a music teacher, Model was born on January 24, 1891, in Genthin, Saxony-Anhalt. In 1909, he joined the Kaiser’s army as an officer candidate, but the harsh training almost made   More »