In this painting by Robert Bailey, Luftwaffe Junkers Ju-88 bombers press home their attacks against merchant vessels of Convoy PQ-17, destined for the Soviet port of Archangel in July 1942.

WWII History Late Winter 2012

“Convoy is to Scatter”: Arctic Convoy Disaster

By David H. Lippman

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had made the promise to Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, and Admiral Sir John Tovey of the Royal Navy had to keep it: to sail three convoys loaded with critical supplies from Britain to Russia every two months, with 25 to 35 ships in each convoy. Read more