Following a brutal assault, conquering Japanese troops parade triumphantly through the Chungshan gate that leads into Nanking, the capital of China.

Punitive Expedition

The Japanese Army’s “Rape of Nanking”

By Walter Zapotoczny Jr.

On August 15, 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army bombed Nanking, the capital of China. These raids were unrelenting until December 13, when Japanese troops entered the conquered city. Read more

Wary Marines in a jeep watch the air war erupt above them in another diorama in the World War II Gallery.

Punitive Expedition

The National Museum of the Marine Corps

By Al Hemingway

Twenty miles outside Washington, D.C., at Quantico, Virginia, motorists traveling on Interstate 95 will come upon an unusual building that is clearly visible, day or night. Read more

On a Secret Mission of Great Importance to the War Effort, Andrew Rowan Carried a Message to Cuban General Calixto Garcia...

Punitive Expedition

Andrew Rowan’s Message To Calixto Garcia

by Thomas P. McKenna

One of the most interesting characters arising out of the Spanish-American War was Lt. Andrew Summers Rowan, who was selected by President William McKinley to carry a secret message to the Cuban general Calixto Garcia. Read more

In a hail of bullets, Mexican revolutionary and outlaw Pancho Villa was shot by assassins in Parral on July 20, 1923, ending his bloody career...

Punitive Expedition

The Death of Pancho Villa

by Michael Haskew

In the July 5, 1922, edition of the New York Tribune, the poem “Unconvinced” by James J. Montague was published. Read more