Subsequent failed campaigns to capture regions of the Byzantine Empire led Igor I of Keiv to be considered one of the worst leaders in history.   More »

During the Battle of Vienna, Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg was outnumbered 5 to 1 against a sea of Turkish soldiers, led by the swarthy Kara Mustafa.   More »

Lt. Col. Harold E. Raugh, Jr. shares with us his military book reviews for the April 2005 issue of Military Heritage Magazine.   More »

Mary, Queen of Scots was let down by a faulty cipher and her misplaced trust in the reputed cleverness of her co-conspirators.   More »

“An obol for Belisarius!” became a catchphase for the shabby treatment governments meted out to their ex-soldiers. But what was the origin of the legend?   More »

During the Russo-Turkish war, the Russian invasion seemed to be a triumphant march clear to Constantinople. Until, that is, they reached the town of Plevna.   More »

In AD 678, outside the storied walls of Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire unleashed its new secret war weapon upon the invading Saracen fleet: Greek Fire.   More »

The Byzantine Empire, successor to ancient Rome, lasted over a thousand years. This was no thanks to Persia, Byzantium’s first major enemy and major rival.   More »